If you’re a UK dog owner, it’s important to understand which dogs are banned in the UK, how the law defines a banned dog type, and what your responsibilities are if your dog is affected. The rules are mainly set out under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, with additional restrictions introduced for XL Bully–type dogs. This guide explains the current UK banned dog list, how dogs are assessed, and what owners in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland need to know.
The Banned Types in 2026
As of 2026, the UK bans the ownership, sale, and breeding of five dog types unless they are officially exempt. These are not always purebred dogs but certain types that match specific traits. The law applies across England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, though rules may vary slightly by country.
1. Pit Bull Terrier
This breed was originally bred for dog fighting and is often associated with aggressive behaviour. Even if your dog isn’t a full pit bull, it may still be classed as a pit bull type if it has similar physical traits.
2. Japanese Tosa
Banned for its dangerous dog history, the Japanese Tosa was also bred for fighting in Japan. It's a large, muscular dog with a strong bite.
3. Dogo Argentino
This breed was created in Argentina for hunting large animals and guarding. It’s banned in several other countries too due to its strength and higher risk profile.
4. Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian Mastiff)
Bred to protect property and hunt big game, this Brazilian mastiff has a strong guarding instinct and is banned due to concerns over its temperament.
XL Bully Ban: What UK Dog Owners Need to Know
XL Bully–type dogs are now restricted under UK law. While the underlying legislation is UK-wide, rules and timelines vary slightly by nation.
England & Wales
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It is illegal to own an XL Bully–type dog without a valid Certificate of Exemption
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Exempt dogs must be:
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Neutered
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Microchipped
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Kept on a lead and muzzled in public
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Covered by third-party liability insurance
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Scotland
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XL Bully–type dogs are restricted under Scottish law
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Ownership without an exemption is a criminal offence
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Courts may authorise exemptions in limited circumstances
Northern Ireland
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From 1 January 2025, it is illegal to own an XL Bully–type dog without an exemption certificate
How to Report a Banned or Dangerous Dog
If you see a dog that’s dangerous or may be one of the banned dog breeds in the UK, it’s important to report it. This helps protect people, other animals, and keeps your neighbourhood safe.
When to report:
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A dog looks like a banned type (such as an XL Bully dog or pit bull terrier) and is off the lead or not wearing a muzzle in a public place.
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A dog is showing aggressive behaviour, such as barking, lunging, chasing, or trying to bite.
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Someone is breeding, selling, or owning a banned dog without a valid certificate.
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A dog has injured another dog, a person, or is acting dangerously.
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You are unsure but worried about public safety.
Who to contact:
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Call 999 right away if someone is in danger or a dog attack is happening.
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If it’s not an emergency, call 101 to report the dog or ask for a Dog Legislation Officer.
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You can also report it online through the police or on GOV.UK.
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For local problems like strays or repeat nuisance, contact your council dog warden.
Helpful tips:
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Share clear details: where and when it happened, what the dog looked like (size, colour), and what it was doing.
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If it’s safe and legal, take a photo or video as evidence.
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Never try to catch or confront the dog yourself.
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You can report anonymously if you prefer.
Reporting a dangerous dog is not about blaming owners—it’s about following the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991 and helping stop future dog attacks.
How to Apply for an Exemption
If your dog matches the official definition of a banned type, you may still be able to keep it under a certificate of exemption—but only if it is not considered a danger to the public.
You must:
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Prove your dog is not a threat (a case by case basis assessment).
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Keep the dog in a secure place at home to prevent escape.
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Have it neutered, microchipped, and insured.
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Make sure it is always muzzled and on a lead in public.
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Apply before the government announced deadline, or the court must approve a late exemption.
For XL Bully owners, the deadline was 31 January 2024. Exemptions now require court approval.
A one-time fee applies, and you’ll receive an exemption certificate if approved. If you change address, you must notify DEFRA. Only exempted dogs are legally allowed to stay with their owners under strict conditions.
Responsible Ownership: Staying Compliant & Safe
Being a responsible dog owner means more than just following the law—it’s about protecting your dog, your community, and others around you.
ere’s what UK owners can do:
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Know the law: Learn which dog breeds are banned and how the Dangerous Dogs Act works. Even non-banned breeds can be seized if they’re acting dangerously in public.
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Secure your home: Keep your dog in a safe, secure place at all times. Preventing escapes helps avoid legal problems and dog bites.
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Train and socialise early: Training reduces the risk of aggressive behaviour and dog attacks. Socialisation teaches your dog to stay calm around other animals and strangers.
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Muzzle and lead in public: If your dog is exempted, it must always wear a muzzle and stay on a leash. These are strict conditions of the law.
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Vet visits and insurance: Regular checkups help spot health or behaviour changes. All exempted dogs must have third-party insurance in case of incidents.
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Avoid targeting specific breeds: Focus on deed not breed—even large or misunderstood dog breeds can be safe with proper care. Breed alone is not always a measure of danger.
Understanding your responsibilities protects your dog and supports public safety.
What To Do If You’re Unsure About Your Dog’s Type
It’s normal to feel worried if your dog is large, strong, or part of a certain breed. With the XL Bully dog ban now active, more owners are unsure if their dog is at risk.
Here’s what you can do:
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Check the official definition: Use the UK government conformation guide: GOV.UK – XL Bully Definition
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Speak with a vet or trainer: A professional can assess your dog’s build and suggest what steps to take. Many offer case by case assessments for banned breeds.
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Contact your council dog warden: They deal with dangerous dogs in your area and can advise if your dog is likely to be classified as a banned type.
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Act quickly: If your dog matches the banned description, apply for an exemption certificate immediately (if still allowed) or prepare for a legal challenge.
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Don’t wait for a seizure: Police may remove your dog from your home if they believe it poses a risk. Early action protects your dog from being taken or worse.
It’s better to ask than assume. Knowing your dog’s status now could save them later.
FAQs
What is the list of banned dogs in the UK?
UK law bans certain types: Pit Bull Terrier, Japanese Tosa, Dogo Argentino, and Fila Brasileiro. In England and Wales, XL Bully dogs are also banned without a certificate of exemption. Whether a dog is banned depends on how it looks, not its pedigree.
Are Cane Corso dogs banned in the UK?
No, Cane Corso is not currently one of the banned dog breeds in the UK. However, if a Cane Corso shows aggressive behaviour or is found acting dangerously, it can still be dealt with under the Dangerous Dogs Act.
Why is Belgian Malinois banned in the UK?
It isn’t. Belgian Malinois is not on the banned list. However, like all dogs, if a Malinois is dangerously out of control or dog injuring someone, action can be taken under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991. Training and secure management are vital for high-drive breeds.
What dogs are under the Dangerous Dogs Act UK?
All dogs are covered by Section 3 (dangerously out of control). Section 1 names the banned breeds (types) above, and England/Wales also restrict the XL Bully. Penalties range up to an unlimited fine and prison; courts can order destruction or allow strict exemption conditions.
Conclusion
Understanding the UK’s banned dog laws helps owners stay compliant, protect their pets, and keep their communities safe.
