Newfoundland Dog Breed Information and Characteristics

The Newfoundland dog, often called the gentle giant or Newfie, is one of the most recognisable giant breeds in the world. Known for their calm nature, strength, and love for people, Newfoundland dogs have a long history as working dogs and water rescue dogs. Today, the modern Newfoundland is most often a family pet, but their instincts to protect and rescue people remain strong. In this guide you’ll understand their temperament, appearance, and whether this loving giant fits your life.

Quick Facts at a Glance

The Newfoundland dog is one of the largest and most powerful giant breeds, yet it is known for its calm nature and sweet temperament. These dogs were originally bred for hard work and water rescue, and their size reflects that working background.

• Breed group: Working dogs

• Origin: Canada (Newfoundland island)

• Size: Giant / large dog breed

• Height: Males: around 71 cm (28 inches), Females: around 66 cm (26 inches)

• Weight: Males: 60–70 kg, Females: 45–55 kg

• Lifespan: Typically 8–10 years

• Temperament: Calm, gentle, docile, watchful

• Coat: Thick, dense double coat with a water-resistant outer coat

• Colours: Black, brown, white and black (Landseer), grey

• Exercise needs: Moderate exercise

• Best for: Families with space, patience, and grooming commitment

According to the Newfoundland Club (UK), most Newfies are intelligent, easy to train, and eager to please, making them suitable for owners who value companionship over speed or agility.

History and Origin

The Newfoundland breed was originally bred on the island of Newfoundland in Canada, where fishermen relied on them for strength and swimming ability. These dogs worked alongside humans pulling nets, hauling carts, and even rescuing people from icy waters. Their reputation as natural rescue dogs is not a myth—it is a result of generations of selective breeding.

Newfoundlands have webbed feet, partially webbed paws, powerful legs, and a dense, oily coat that is naturally water resistant. These traits made them perfectly suited for water work and rescuing drowning people near shore or from boats. Historical records describe Newfoundlands saving lives in both North America and England.

By the 18th and 19th centuries, the breed was exported to England, where it gained popularity among the public and artists. Paintings often showed the Newfoundland as a loyal guardian and family dog. The American Kennel Club (AKC) later recognised the breed, helping standardise its traits globally.

What a Newfoundland Dog Looks Like

The Newfoundland is a big, powerful dog with a strong chest, broad head, and thick bones. Their appearance alone explains why they are classified among the largest giant breeds. Despite their size, most Newfoundlands move with a calm, steady gait rather than speed.

One of their most important features is the double coat. The outer coat is coarse and water-repellent, while the undercoat is soft and dense. This coat protects them in cold water but also means year-round shedding. Regular brushing is essential to remove dead hair, prevent matting, and manage fur around the house—especially for owners who consider themselves a “neat freak.”

Their webbed feet and large paws help them excel at swimming. Many owners are surprised at how naturally confident their Newfoundland is in water, even at a young age. Coat length varies slightly, but all Newfoundlands have thick, heavy fur that requires grooming and drying after wet walks.

Common coat colours include black, brown, grey, and black and white (Landseer). Excessive skin and droopy lips often lead to drool, another trait owners must be prepared to manage.

Newfoundland Dog Temperament

The Newfoundland is famous for its sweet disposition and gentle temperament. Often described as a “nanny dog,” most Newfoundlands are naturally patient and protective around children. This reputation is well-earned, but supervision is still essential due to their size.

They are typically friendly with strangers, calm with other dogs, and often tolerant of cats when raised together from an early age. Their intelligence and desire to please make them easy to train, especially using positive reinforcement and patience rather than force.

Despite their calm nature, Newfoundlands are emotionally sensitive. They form strong bonds with their human family and do not cope well with long periods of isolation. Mental stimulation, gentle play, and involvement in daily life help prevent boredom and anxiety.

Common Health Issues in Newfoundland Dogs

Like many giant breeds, Newfoundland dogs are prone to several inherited and size-related health conditions. Responsible breeding, controlled growth, and regular veterinary care can reduce risks, but owners should be informed from an early age.

Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is one of the most common joint problems in Newfoundland dogs. It occurs when the hip joint does not form properly, leading to pain, stiffness, and arthritis over time. This condition can eventually reduce mobility, especially in an adult Newfoundland.

Elbow Dysplasia

Elbow dysplasia affects the front legs and can cause limping, swelling, and discomfort, often appearing at a young age. Because Newfoundlands are heavy dogs, even mild elbow issues can worsen quickly. Early diagnosis and weight management help protect the joints and slow long-term damage.

Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (Bloat)

Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), commonly known as bloat or stomach twists, is a very serious condition that can be fatal without urgent treatment. It happens when the stomach fills with gas and twists, cutting off blood flow. Large, deep-chested breeds like Newfoundlands are at higher risk. Feeding frequent meals, avoiding exercise after eating, and watching for signs such as restlessness or a swollen abdomen can reduce risk.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart condition where the heart muscle becomes weak and enlarged, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively. Some Newfoundlands are genetically predisposed to this condition. Symptoms may include tiredness, coughing, or collapse. Regular vet checks and early detection are important for managing heart disease.

Bone Cancer (Osteosarcoma)

Bone cancer, also called osteosarcoma, is more common in large and giant breeds. It usually affects the legs and can cause sudden lameness or swelling. Sadly, this condition can progress quickly and often requires surgery and further treatment. Early veterinary attention improves comfort and quality of life, even when cure is not possible.

Newfoundland Dog Daily Care

Grooming a Thick Double Coat

Newfoundland dogs have a thick, dense double coat that sheds year round, so grooming is a major part of daily care. Brushing at least two to three times a week helps remove dead hair, prevent matting, and keep the skin healthy. During shedding seasons, daily brushing may be needed. Because the outer coat is coarse and water resistant, mud and moisture can cling to the fur, especially in the UK’s wet weather.

Managing Drool and Skin Folds

Most Newfoundlands drool due to excessive skin around the mouth and loose lips. Slobber is especially common after meals or drinking water. Keeping a towel nearby and wiping the face regularly helps maintain hygiene. Skin folds should be checked often to avoid irritation or infection, which can happen if moisture is trapped.

Feeding and Nutrition for a Large Breed

A Newfoundland’s size means nutrition must be carefully managed. Feeding a high-quality large-breed diet supports healthy bones and joints. Puppies should grow slowly to reduce the risk of joint disease. Many vets recommend frequent meals rather than one large meal to lower the risk of bloat. Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is one of the best ways to protect long-term health.

Daily Mental Stimulation

Although calm and gentle, Newfoundlands are intelligent working dogs that benefit from mental stimulation. Training sessions, puzzle toys, and simple tasks help prevent boredom. These dogs enjoy being involved in family life and often struggle if ignored for long periods. Consistent attention supports their sweet temperament and emotional wellbeing.

Newfoundland Dog Exercise Needs

How Much Exercise Do Newfoundlands Need?

Despite their size, Newfoundland dogs do not need intense exercise. Most thrive on moderate exercise, such as steady daily walks and gentle play. Around 30–60 minutes per day is usually enough for an adult Newfoundland. Over-exercising can strain joints, especially in giant breeds.

Exercise for Puppies and Young Dogs

Newfoundland puppies grow quickly, but their bones and joints develop slowly. At a young age, exercise should be limited and controlled. Jumping, stairs, and long hikes can increase the risk of hip dysplasia and elbow problems. Short walks and free play on soft ground are safer for a growing Newfie puppy.

Swimming and Water Safety

Newfoundlands are famous for swimming and water rescue. Their webbed feet, partially webbed paws, and strong legs make them natural swimmers. However, UK waters can be dangerous due to cold temperatures, tides, and currents. Even strong swimmers should be supervised near rivers or the sea. The RNLI advises keeping dogs under control near open water.

Keeping Exercise Joint-Friendly

As Newfoundlands age, joint care becomes even more important. Low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, and gentle play help maintain muscle without stressing the joints. Avoid sudden bursts of speed or rough play. Regular exercise, combined with weight control, helps reduce arthritis risk and keeps your dog comfortable in later life.

Costs

Owning a Newfoundland is a long-term financial commitment, and costs are higher than for most other dogs.

Initial costs may include:

• Purchase or adoption fee

• Large dog bed, crate, lead, bowls

• Vet checks and microchipping (mandatory in the UK)

FunnyFuzzy's Large Dog Bed

Ongoing costs include:

• High-quality food (large dogs eat more)

• Grooming tools or professional grooming

• Insurance (often higher for giant breeds)

• Vet care (larger doses of medication cost more)

According to UK vets and insurers, giant breeds generally cost more over their lifetime due to joint issues, surgery risks, and shorter life expectancy compared to smaller dogs.

Finding a Responsible Breeder or Rescue

Choosing where your Newfoundland comes from is one of the most important decisions you will make.

Responsible breeders should:

• Provide proof of hip and eye testing (BVA schemes)

• Allow you to meet the puppy’s mother

• Raise puppies in a home environment

• Offer lifetime advice and support

Avoid breeders who rush sales or cannot explain health history.

Rescue is another option. Many adult Newfoundlands and Newfies need new homes due to owner lifestyle changes—not behaviour problems. Rescue organisations assess temperament carefully and can help match the right dog to your home.

Is a Newfoundland Dog Right for You?

A Newfoundland may be ideal if you want a gentle giant with a sweet temperament, patience with children, and strong family bonds. They are calm, affectionate, and loyal companions.

However, they are not low-maintenance pets.

This breed may not suit you if:

• You dislike grooming, fur, or drool

• You have limited space or stairs with no plan

• You cannot manage large-breed costs

If you are prepared, patient, and committed, a Newfoundland can be one of the most rewarding family dogs you will ever meet.

FAQs

How much is a Newfoundland puppy in the UK?

A responsibly bred Newfoundland puppy in the UK typically costs £1,500–£3,000, depending on lineage, health testing, and breeder reputation. Rescue adoption fees are much lower.

What is the life expectancy of a Newfoundland dog?

The average life expectancy of a Newfoundland is 8–10 years, which is common for giant breeds.

Do Newfoundland dogs bark a lot?

No. Most Newfoundlands are quiet and calm. They tend to bark only when alerting owners to something unusual.

Do Newfoundland dogs drool a lot?

Yes. Due to loose skin around the mouth, drool and slobber are common, especially after eating or drinking.

Conclusion

The Newfoundland dog is a powerful yet gentle breed with a long history of working alongside humans. From their roots as water rescue dogs to their role as loving family companions, Newfoundlands combine strength, intelligence, and kindness.